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culture, that assets became possible. With these assets came the possibility of someone stealing them and also the notion of protecting those assets--using violence. There arose specialists in violence who would protect assets, for a fee. The best specialists became governments, feudal, mostly. People swore a dependable oath of chivalry to their liege lord. The entrepreneurs, kings, and lords owned these governments. It was to their strategic economic advantage to have high taxes and low expenses. These made for wealth.
Then came the industrial age and the nation-state. Individual citizens in this time did not have as much power as did the lords negotiating with the king. During this time citizens swore an oath of citizenship to the nation-state. This was an age of effectiveness in the use of force, not efficiency. Wars were met with overwhelming force, (Continued on page 7)
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